LaTeX Reference for Equation Editor

Using the Equation Editor

Type LaTeX commands directly into the equation editor or use the on-screen keyboard. All commands start with a backslash (\) followed by the command name

Basic Operations

LaTeX Command Result Description Action
\pm ± Plus-minus
\mp Minus-plus
\times × Multiplication
\div ÷ Division
\cdot Center dot
\ast Asterisk

Fractions & Roots

LaTeX Command Result Description Action
\frac{a}{b} ab Fraction
\sqrt{x} x Square root
\sqrt[n]{x} xn nth root
\dfrac{a}{b} ab Display fraction (larger)

Superscripts & Subscripts

LaTeX Command Result Description Action
x^{2} x2 Superscript
x_{1} x1 Subscript
x^{2}_{1} x12 Both super and subscript
e^{x} ex Exponential

Integrals

LaTeX Command Result Description Action
\int Integral
\int_{a}^{b} ab Definite integral
\oint Contour integral
\iint Double integral
\iiint Triple integral

Summations & Products

LaTeX Command Result Description Action
\sum Summation
\sum_{i=1}^{n} i=1n Summation with limits
\prod Product
\prod_{i=1}^{n} i=1n Product with limits
\coprod Coproduct

Limits & Derivatives

LaTeX Command Result Description Action
\lim lim Limit
\lim_{x \to 0} limx0 Limit as x approaches 0
\frac{d}{dx} ddx Derivative
\frac{\partial}{\partial x} x Partial derivative
f'(x) f'(x) Prime notation

Greek Letters

LaTeX Command Result Description Action
\alpha α Alpha
\beta β Beta
\gamma γ Gamma
\delta δ Delta
\epsilon ε Epsilon
\theta θ Theta
\lambda λ Lambda
\mu μ Mu
\pi π Pi
\sigma σ Sigma
\phi φ Phi
\omega ω Omega

Relations & Comparisons

LaTeX Command Result Description Action
\leq Less than or equal
\geq Greater than or equal
\neq Not equal
\approx Approximately equal
\equiv Equivalent
\propto Proportional to
\sim Similar to

Sets & Logic

LaTeX Command Result Description Action
\in Element of
\notin Not element of
\subset Subset
\supset Superset
\cup Union
\cap Intersection
\emptyset Empty set
\infty Infinity

Arrows

LaTeX Command Result Description Action
\rightarrow Right arrow
\leftarrow Left arrow
\leftrightarrow Left-right arrow
\Rightarrow Implies
\Leftarrow Implied by
\Leftrightarrow If and only if

Brackets & Grouping

LaTeX Command Result Description Action
\left( \right) () Auto-sizing parentheses
\left[ \right] [] Auto-sizing square brackets
\left\{ \right\} {} Auto-sizing curly braces
\left| \right| || Auto-sizing absolute value
\left\| \right\| Auto-sizing norm

Functions

LaTeX Command Result Description Action
\sin sin Sine
\cos cos Cosine
\tan tan Tangent
\log log Logarithm
\ln ln Natural logarithm
\exp exp Exponential function
\arcsin arcsin Inverse sine
\arccos arccos Inverse cosine

Chemistry

LaTeX Command Result Description Action
\ce{H2O} H2O Chemical formula (water)
\ce{^{12}C} C12 Isotope notation
\ce{Ca^{2+}} Ca2+ Ion with charge
\ce{SO4^{2-}} SO42- Polyatomic ion
\rightleftharpoons Equilibrium arrows
\rightarrow Reaction arrow
\Delta H ΔH Enthalpy change
\Delta G ΔG Gibbs free energy
K_{eq} Keq Equilibrium constant
[\text{H}^+] [H+] Concentration notation

Physics

LaTeX Command Result Description Action
\vec{F} F Vector (force)
\hat{n} n^ Unit vector
\nabla Nabla/del operator
\nabla \cdot \vec{E} E Divergence
\nabla \times \vec{B} ×B Curl
\hbar Reduced Planck constant
\Psi Ψ Wave function (capital psi)
\psi ψ Wave function (lowercase psi)
\partial_t t Partial derivative with respect to time
\oint \vec{E} \cdot d\vec{A} EdA Surface integral (Gauss's law)
E = mc^2 E=mc2 Mass-energy equivalence

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